Fish feed is produced by fish feed pellet machine, usually called single screw extruder. A complete fish feed production line can output good quality of fish feed. Then do you know what are the ingredients of fish feed? Let’s check what are the necessary ingredients and some raw material you may not know.
Basic principles for making fish feed
Before designing a reasonable feed pellet, it is necessary to understand the species of fish cultured and their growth stages. It can help you determine the levels of nutrients such as protein and energy in the feed. It is necessary not only to meet the protein requirements of fish growth, but also to make the ratio of energy and protein moderate. Too high or too low energy-to-protein ratio are not good for fish growth. When designing the fish feed pellet, we must also consider the relationship between feed nutrition and capacity. Not only to ensure that the fish can take in sufficient nutrition, but also to make them feel full.
The principles to select feed ingredients
As far as possible, the more types of raw materials, the better. So as to ensure that the essential amino acids in the feed try to reach a balance as much as possible to meet the fish’s needs for various essential amino acids to the maximum. Must not use moldy raw materials. Moldy raw materials contain a large number of germs and toxins, feeding these feeds is very likely to cause fish disease. Although cotton meal and rapeseed meal are cheap and have high protein content, they contain anti-nutritional factors. Excessive use will affect fish growth. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the amount of cotton meal and rapeseed meal, which generally do not exceed 10%.
Fish feed raw materials should pay attention to
Many farmers like to use cheap oil residues and meat meals. But such raw materials are mixed with a large amount of animal skin, which affects the smooth progress of the pulverization and granulation process. Thus fish are not easily digested after consumption. The fats are saturated fats, and some have started to rancid because of long storage time. Fish use of saturated fat is low, excessive intake of rancid fat can also lead to diseases such as fatty liver in fish, the amount of such raw materials should be controlled below 5%.
Production flow of fish feed
The technological process of scientifically processing fish feed generally includes processes such as pulverization, mixing, and granulation. Where conditions permit, it also includes quenching and tempering before granulation. The crushing particle size is too coarse or too fine. Generally, the raw materials of the fish compound feed should pass through a 40-mesh sieve. Conditioning is the process of mixing feed with steam before pelleting.
Conditioning makes the starch gelatinized, which can improve the digestibility of fish. The fluidity of the quenched and tempered feed is good, which is conducive to the formation of the feed. The key to quenching and conditioning is to control the quenching and tempering steam, which requires the use of saturated steam. Generally, the required steam amount is calculated based on the 5% of the material. In addition, the conditioning temperature should be determined according to the composition of the feed. Due to the high protein content of the fish feed, the feed temperature needs to be above 85 ° C. The pellet size of pellet feed should be determined by the cleft width of the fish. And the pellet size of the feed should be less than 1/2 of the cleft width.
Use of additives
Feed additives are a general term for substances that improve the quality of animal products. Adding additives to feed can promote digestion and absorption of nutrients, regulate body metabolism. Also can ensure animal health, improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and improve animal production levels. For vitamins and mineral additives, because of the large variety and low consumption, and the high technical content of the combination of various vitamins and minerals, farmers have to buy monomers of microbiotin and minerals. Can not achieve a balanced mix of nutrients. Premixes of vitamins and minerals produced by regular manufacturers can be selected and added reasonably according to the species and growth stage of the cultured fish.
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